[31] History[edit] Ancient Libya[edit] The coastal plain of Libya was inhabited by Neolithic peoples from as early as 8000 BC. The Afroasiatic ancestors of the Berber people are assumed to have spread into the area by the Late Bronze Age. The earliest known name of such a tribe was the Garamantes, based in Germa. The Phoenicians were the first to establish trading posts in Libya. [32] By the 5th century BC, the greatest of the Phoenician colonies, Carthage, had extended its hegemony across much of North Africa, where a distinctive civilization, known as Punic, came into being. In 630 BC, the ancient Greeks colonized the area around Barca in Eastern Libya and founded the city of Cyrene.
Retrieved 5 January 2018. ^ Halsall, Paul (August 1998). "The Histories', Book IV. 42–43". Fordham University. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013. ^ "Cyrenaica and the Greeks". Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2013. ^ "History of Libya". The History Files. 20 October 2011. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
The elections were marred by violence and low turnout, with voting stations closed in some areas. [114] Secularists and liberals did well in the elections, to the consternation of Islamist lawmakers in the GNC, who reconvened and declared a continuing mandate for the GNC, refusing to recognise the new House of Representatives. [115] Armed supporters of the General National Congress occupied Tripoli, forcing the newly elected parliament to flee to Tobruk.
^ a b c d e Bertarelli, p. 202. ^ a b c Bertarelli, p. 417. ^ a b Rostovtzeff, Michael (1957). Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire (2 ed. ). Oxford: Clarendon. p. 364. ^ Cassius Dio, lxviii. 32 ^ a b Bertarelli, p. 278. ^ Hourani, Albert (2002). A History of the Arab Peoples. Faber & Faber. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-571-21591-1. ^ a b c d e Bertarelli, p. 203. ^ Hoppen, Alison (1979). The fortification of Malta by the Order of St. John, 1530–1798. Scottish Academic Press.
[20] The two main warring sides signed a permanent ceasefire in 2020, and a unity government took authority to plan for democratic elections, however political rivalries continue to delay this. [21] Libya is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the African Union, the Arab League, the OIC and OPEC.
HSC Ancient History. Pascal Press. ISBN 9781741251784. Archived from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2020. ^ "Preservation of the Libyan culture". Tafsuit. 6 June 2011. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2012. ^ "Bibliografia della Libia"; Bertarelli, p. 177. ^ Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress (1987), "Independent Libya", U. Library of Congress. Retrieved 14 July 2006. ^ "Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: Libya". Geographical Names. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
On 22 December 2017, the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations formally notified the United Nations that the government is changing the official name of Libya to ‘State of Libya. ’ ^ "Publications Office – Interinstitutional style guide – Annex A5 – List of countries, territories and currencies". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2016. ^ "The World Factbook". Cia. gov.
^ "الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية: Libya". Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2014. ^ "United Nations interoffice memorandum dated 16 September 2011 from Desmond Parker, Chief of Protocol, to Shaaban M. Shaaban, Under-Secretary-General for General Assembly and Conference Management, attaching memorandum from Stadler Trengove, Senior Legal Officer". 16 September 2011. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013. ^ "ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-11: Name change for Libya" (PDF). International Organization for Standardization. 8 November 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2011. ^ ""State of Libya" in UNTERM (United Nations terminology database)". Archived from the original on 5 January 2018.
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Libya became independent as a kingdom in 1951. A bloodless military coup in 1969, initiated by a coalition led by Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, overthrew King Idris I and created a republic. [15] Gaddafi was often described by critics as a dictator, and was one of the world's longest serving non-royal leaders, ruling for 42 years. [16] He ruled until being overthrown and killed in the 2011 Libyan Civil War during the wider Arab Spring, with authority transferred to the National Transitional Council then to the elected General National Congress. By 2014 two rival authorities claimed to govern Libya, [17][18][19] which led to a second civil war, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments as well as various tribal and Islamist militias.
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Algeria vs Libya live score, H2H and lineups - Sofascore Algeria Libya live score (and video online live stream) starts on 13 Jan 2023 at 19:00 UTC time in African Nations Championship, Group